पाठ 4 – यण् सन्धि

 15 इको यणचि                                 6.1.77

अनुवृत्तिः संहितायाम्

Let a इक् be substituted by यण् when अच् follows.

Here इक् is a standalone term and in षष्ठी. This means that इक् is to be understood as something to be replaced. That is, इकः stands for इकः स्थाने. This is per the rule षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा 1.1.49 which is interpreted as अनियतयोगा षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा मन्तव्या. That is, a षष्ठी not otherwise qualified (i.e., not connnected with any other term) should be considered to be connected with स्थाने i.e., a substitution operation. Such a term is called a स्थानिन्, or that which is to be substituted.

Here अच् is in सप्तमी. In the अष्टाध्यायी when an operation is laid down by using a word in सप्तमी, that operation is to be performed in connection with what comes immediately before the word in सप्तमी. Thus अचि means ‘when followed by अच्’ or ‘when अच् follows’.

The term संहितायाम् which is inherited by अनुवृत्ति shows that this substitution (by यण्) takes place when संहिता (combination or सन्धि) is to be effected.  It may be remembered that संहिता is obligatory under certain circumstances only. Otherwise it depends on the intention of the speaker. This has been concisely put in the following couplet:

संहितैकपदे नित्या नित्या धातूपसर्गयोः ।

नित्या समासे वाक्ये तु सा विवक्षाम् अपेक्षते ॥

Examples:      ‘सुधी उपास्य’ इति स्थिते

इति स्थिते is the phrase used to state the position arrived at when some further remark is to be made in that connection. Right now, the position is ‘सुधी उपास्य’ and we have to apply the rule discussed so far. Before actual application however, it would be useful to be acquainted with a technical rule (परिभाषा सूत्र) laid down in the grammar which one has to observe in all such cases. It pertains to the exact signification of having a term in सप्तमी. This is what is done in the next rule.

                                             

16  तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य                       1.1.66

अनुवृत्तिः

When a term is exhibited in the सप्तमी the operation directed is understood to affect the term that immediately precedes the term in सप्तमी.

In the present example, the term in सप्तमी is अच्. In the example, ‘सुधी उपास्यः’, the उ of उपास्य is the vowel which that term denotes. And that which is to be affected is the final ई (इक्) of सुधी, as that immediately precedes the उ. By rule 15, यण् is to be substituted for the इक्. But यण् stands for the four letters य्,व्,र्,ल्. Therefore the question arises - which one of these four is to be the substitute?

The next rule supplies the answer.

17     स्थानेऽन्तरतमः                                       1.1.50

अनुवृत्तिः स्थाने

When a common term is enjoined a substitute, let the most similar (to the one that is being substituted) be the actual substitute.

It is now clear that यण् is to be substituted in the place of इक्. For the example under consideration, this substitution is to occur in the place of ई (in सुधी), which is followed by उ. Now this rule lays down the substitution of यण् (य्,व्,र्,ल्) for इक् (इ,उ,ऋ.लृ). But which यण् is to be substituted for which इक्?

The answer to the question is that the substitute will always be अन्तरतम (=सदृशतम) to the स्थानिन् (that which is to be replaced). In the case under consideration, ई will be substituted by य्, since they are अन्तरतम to each other, as can be clearly seen from the table of letters showing their स्थान and प्रयत्न.

Thus we get सुध् य् उपास्यः -> सुध्युपास्य

18     अनचि च                                              8.4.47

अनुवृत्तिः अचो द्वे      यरो वा          संहितायाम्

यर् may be optionally doubled after अच् , but not if अच् follows.

In सुध्युपास्य, the ध is यर् (all consonants except ह) and it follows उ (अच्), and it is not followed by any अच्, being followed by य. Therefore we make the optional doubling to get सुध्ध्युपास्य). This invokes another operation.

19     झलाम्        जश् झशि                                     8.4.53

अनुवृत्तिः                संहितायाम्

Instead of the letters झल्, there shall be जश् if झश् follow, in close contact.

Thus instead of the first ध् (झल्) of सुध्ध्युपास्य, since ध् (झश्) follows it, there must be जश्, that is, ज्,ब्,ग्,ड्,द्. Of those the अन्तरतम (to ध्) is द्. So we get सुद्ध्युपास्य. The process might terminate here, if another rule had not started an objection.

20     संयोगान्तस्य लोपः                                  8.2.23

अनुवृत्तिः                पदस्य

There is deletion of the पद which ends in a conjunct consonant (संयोग).

In सुद्ध्युपास्य, the पद सुद्ध्य् ends with a conjunct consonant (संयोग). So according to this rule, the whole पद ought to disappear. The rule is however limited by the qualification that follows.

21     अलोऽन्त्यस्य                                         1.1.52

अनुवृत्तिः                षष्ठी

Let the substitute take the place of only the final letter of that which is mentioned in षष्ठी.

It has already been seen above that a substitute is laid down with reference to a base by putting it in षष्ठी (स्थानेयोगा षष्ठी).  Now we are told that it is not the whole base (having the षष्ठी ending) that is substituted. Only the final अल् (वर्ण) of such a base (स्थानिन्) takes the substitute. This, however, is the general rule and we have to remember that there are cases where the whole स्थानिन् is substituted and not merely its final अल्. For this see 45 अनेकाल् शित् सर्वस्य 1.1.55.

Accordingly now, the final य् of सुद्ध्य् will have to be dropped.

However here कात्यायन gives a वार्त्तिक,  यण: प्रतिषेधो वाच्यः i.e., the prohibition of the rule (#20) in the case of   यण् should be stated.

So the deletion of the final य् of सुद्ध्य् does not take place and the formation of the word सुद्ध्युपास्य is completed.

Thus the final forms we get are सुद्ध्युपास्य and सुध्युपास्य bearing in mind that the doubling in rule 18 is optional.